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Ethics and Etiquette

Ethics and Etiquette

·      ETHICS is an internal system of moral principles; morals, principles, values

·      ETIQUETTE is an example set of manners, customs, and tradition of a society that governs how people treat one another or act in social situations; proper, manners, customs, traditions, protocol, decorum

Ethics changes person to person while etiquette changes from society to society. With a difference in ethics in each person, it is easy to offend someone, especially someone of another culture.

Movie Theatre Etiquette

1.     Before The Movie

·      Buy your snacks and drinks before the film starts. This prevents distracting other moviegoers during the screening.

·      Find your seat and turn off all electronics. It is extremely rude to be on your phone during the movie as it distracts the others and brings attention toward you.

·      Whisper. Although the movie has not started, others want to listen to previews.

2.     During the Movie

·      Don’t talk. If you absolutely have to, whisper softly as to not distract those around you.

·      Chew quietly and don’t slurp your drink. The worst thing is trying to enjoy the movie and someone is chomping on his or her popcorn. Keep your mouth closed and when your soda is gone, it’s gone.

·      If you must use the restroom, do it quickly and quietly. If you are in the middle of the row, say “Excuse me” as you exit the row.

3.     After the Movie

·      Pick up all your trash, and don’t leave anything under the seats.

Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller

The characters in Death of a Salesman have questionable ethics. The Loman family doesn’t know how to properly deal with crises.

Willy Loman: the dad of Biff and Happy, husband of Linda, and traveling salesman

Linda Loman: Willy’s wife and mother of Biff and Happy

Biff Loman: Willy and Linda’s oldest son

Happy Loman: Youngest son

These characters unethical behaviors are seen throughout the play. Here are a few examples:

-       Happy sleeps with married women, and is a philanderer: someone who seeks sex without any ties

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  Happy also goes to the weddings of the women he sleeps with to see the man she is marrying.

-       Biff steals multiple things including a cart of basketballs, Oliver’s pen, a suit in Kansas City, and wood for his father

-       Biff isn’t alone in stealing as his father orders him and Happy to steal wood for the stoop

-       Willy cheated on Linda and was found by his son Biff when he was younger

-       Biff flunks school and goes to his father to talk to the teacher because it’s the teacher’s fault

-       Linda discovers that Willy is trying to kill himself and doesn’t try and stop it

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   The fact that Willy is trying to kill himself is also very unethical

-       Biff and Happy leave their depressed and suicidal father alone at dinner before having dinner

-       Willy kills himself to leave money for his family

The Research Process

1.       Find a topic

When you are looking for a topic, pick a few that you find interesting, but not something you already know a lot about. After you narrow it down to one topic, make sure your topic is not too broad, especially if you are only writing a few pages on this topic.

2.       Preliminary Research

Throughout school we are told not to use certain online encyclopedias (i.e. Wikipedia). However, these can be very useful in conducting a preliminary research to help your later research. In your preliminary research look for:

-          Names related to topic

-          Places and settings your topic takes place in/at

-          Other names your topic can be under

-          Key terms used frequently to describe topic

-          Words/phrases you know are affiliated with your topic

This will give you basic information to have a successful research paper.

3.       Read About It

Now that you have some basic information, read about your topic. Academic databases and unbiased information with credible authors are good sources of information. This could also be a part of your preliminary research but make sure to read credible sources with details.

4.       Writing Your Paper

a.       Finding credible sources

To make sure your sources are academic and credible you can check a few things:

-          Currency

-          Authority- author credentials

-          Purpose

-          Objective- ask yourself, “Is this biased?”

-          Writing Style

               This is known as CAPOW- an easier way to remember how to check for credibility.

 

CAPOW is an easy way to remember credibility.

b.      Summary vs. Paraphrase

In your paper you should have citations from credible sources. Some of them should be word for word but most should be summarized or paraphrase. Paraphrasing means to put the quote in your own words with the main idea AND many of the details. Summarizing is a short review of the entire quote with just the main idea. After you paraphrase or summarize, give credit to the source. Also, make sure to explain the citation which should be at least the same length as your citation.



Differences between summarizing and paraphrasing.



5.       Primary vs Secondary Sources

a.       Primary Source is an eyewitness account of someone who was actually there at the time of the event. This can include a diary, original photographs, recordings, etc.

-          An example of a primary source is Anne Frank’s diary

b.      Secondary Source is a report about a primary source. This includes books, articles, etc.

-          An example of a secondary source would be a book about Anne Frank

Rhetoric

 

Rhetoric

                Everyday we run into all types of persuasion: advertisements, articles, commercials, etc. We can determine the exigency, what is wanted to be accomplished with the persuasion, by looking at the rhetoric devices used.

·         Rhetoric: using language persuasively

There are three types of rhetoric: ethos, logos, and pathos. Ethos refers to the character using ethics, morals, and right from wrong to persuade. Logos, however, uses logic to persuade. This would include facts, logical reasoning, and evidence. Then there is pathos which appeals to the emotions of the audience. This works the best because it can be related personally to the viewer and has a more influential effect on them.

                Along with rhetoric, Steve Martin and Robert Cialdini explain in their video “Secrets from the Science of Persuasion,” the six shortcuts of persuasion. These six include:

• Reciprocity:
• Scarcity
• Authority
• Consistency
• Liking
• Consensus

In Devil in the White City by Erik Larson, there are many examples of rhetoric. The main characters, Burnham and Holmes show us many examples. One, for instance, takes place on page 26 when Burnham uses logos to convince his family that the house he wanted was the best choice. His logical reasoning made the family think that this was the best choice for him. Holmes uses pathos when comforting Mrs. Holton after the death of her husband. The widow was calmed by Holmes attention to emotion when  “he touched her arm. He could ease her burden, he said” (37). Although he is a murderer, Mrs. Holton is persuaded by his strategies. The Devil in the White City is full of rhetoric and can be easily identified with the knowledge of ethos, logos, and pathos. For more help, you can check out Martin and Cialdini’s video at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cFdCzN7RYbw .

Cialdini, Robert and Steve Martin. “Science of Persuasion.” Youtube. 26 November 2012. 10 January 2014. Web.

Larson, Erik. The Devil in the White City. New York: Random House, Inc., 2003. Print.

STYLE

               Everyone always says that everyone is unique in their own way, but how? How do we develop a sense of individuality? It’s our personal style. The past couple days, we have explored style and how it makes us who we are. It had me thinking about who I am and how I appear to others through my clothes, looks, and personality—some of which I get from my parents, and some from outside influences.

                We develop our own sense of style from an early age. I remember when I was in the fifth grade, I was made fun of for being bigger than all of my friends. At the age of ten I was worried about what I looked like, what I ate, and how others viewed me. I would pick out my outfits in the morning with one thing in mind; what does everyone else want me to wear? It wasn’t until my sophomore year in high school that I started dressing for me. Now it’s my senior year and I wear whatever I want. Of course I still care about what others think of me, but how could I not?

                I receive a lot of my style from my family—my mom and sister to be specific. I have the same personality as my mom; sarcastic with friends and family, but sweet and respectful to others. It drives me crazy when people don’t hold the door open for others, or say “thank you”. I find myself acting more and more like her every day.  These are my inherited traits; the ones that I do not have control over. It is a dramatic factor to my style. However, I also have developed traits to my style. I choose the way I look by my hair, clothing, make-up, etc. I try to stand out but not to an extreme because that makes me uncomfortable; I don’t dye my hair crazy colors, wear outrageous and gaudy clothing, and I don’t walk around backwards with a bird on my shoulder. I’m not seven-feet-tall, extremely overweight, or have size twelve shoes. However, I have blonde hair, blue eyes, five-foot-six, and am pretty “normal” in society’s eyes.

                The influences that impacted my style started when I was young—around 3 or 4—when I started playing with Barbie dolls. I would beg my mom for the newest and prettiest doll and I would create lives for them; lives that I wanted to have. I was brain-washed into thinking that I needed to be Barbie, skinny with long hair and perfect features. As a senior in high school, these images are still in my head.  As Dave Berry describes in his feature “The Ugly Truth About Beauty,” a real-life Barbie would be seven-feet-tall, 81 pounds—almost impossible and extremely unhealthy. A real-life Barbie doll would be a freak, yet adolescent girls strive to be like the plastic toy. TV, movies, and magazines filled with celebrities and models give us more encouragement to skip a meal or go for an extra-long run. Friends and family can also influence us greatly. A Christmas party at my grandma’s forces me to be more conservative in what I choose to wear; however, a concert in Lawrence would change my idea of an outfit. When my friends and I get ready to go out, do we dress for us? Do we dress to look better than the other girls? Or do we dress for the guys? In my opinion it’s for the boys, but according to Berry, men don’t notice a lot of the efforts put in by women, so what’s the point? We should dress however we want; but if what we want is the attention of the opposite sex, then I guess we are.

                My style is influenced more by others than myself. I have traits that I cannot control that directly change people’s perspective on me, but more than those I have the ability to change everything about my style, but I choose to stay on the safer side and go with the trends and flow of everything around me, because THAT is my style.

 

Works Cited

Barry, Dave. “The Ugly Truth About Beauty.” The Contemporary Reader. 8th ed. Ed. Gary Goshgarian. New York: Pearson Longman, 2005. 75-77.

Hurtes, Sandra. “Weighing In.” The Contemporary Reader. 8th ed. Ed. Gary Goshgarian. New York: Pearson Longman, 2005. 58-59.